ㅂ Irregular

These verbs have a stem ending in ㅂ. When conjugated in certain forms, the ㅂ is removed, and depending on the final vowel in the stem.

I most cases you only need to drop the ㅂ and add 워요

• 맵다매워요- to be spicy
• 귀엽다귀여워요- to be cute

However if it already ends with a ㅜ you append 워요

• 춥다추워요- to be cold
• 눕다누워요- to lie down

Lastly if it ends with an ㅗ (this case is quite rare) you keep 오 and add 아요 to form 와요

• 돕다도와요- to help

Now in the case of adjectives, when making them in a "descriptive form" as we saw in the previous lesson, the ㅂ is dropped and 운 is appended

• 춥다추운 날씨- to be cold
• 덥다더운 날씨- to be hot

ㅅ Irregular

For ㅅ irregular verbs, the ㅅ is dropped in the conjugation when it comes immediately before a vowel.

Then you will put again 아요 or 어요 depending on the last vowel, according to the conjugation rules we saw in previous lessons

• 짓다지어요- to build
• 낫다나아요- to get better
• 붓다부어요- to pour

으 Irregular

This rule follows the same pattern as the previous irregular: the 으 is dropped and replaced by 아/아요

• 배고프다배고파요- to be hungry
• 슬프다슬퍼요- to be sad
• 예쁘다예뻐요- to be pretty
• 바쁘다바빠요- to be busy

르 Irregular

When conjugating 르 irregular verbs, the stem's final 르 changes to ㄹ + 러 or 라, depending on the vowel before 르.

If the preceding vowel is 아/오, 라 is used, for any other vowel 러 is used.

• 모르다몰라요- to not know
• 다르다달라요- to be different
• 누르다눌러요- to press
• 배부르다배불러요- to be full (eating)

ㄹ Irregular

Compared to others irregular verb categories, the ㄹ pattern is probably the most difficult to grasp.

Firstly, conjugating one of these verbs in present tense (polite form) doesn’t change from the regular verbs we saw before:

• 만들다만들어요- to make
• 울다울어요- to cry
• 살다살아요- to live
• 멀다멀어요- to be far

However, the particularity of these verbs is that when applying a conjugation rule that makes you add ㄴ/은, ㅂ/습 ㄹ/을 or ㅅ.

• If the verb stem is followed by conjugation rule starting with ㄴ,ㅂ or ㅅ, “ㄹ” is dropped.
• If it is followed by a rule starting with 으 (...), “으” is not added.
• If it is followed by a rule starting with ㄹ/을 (...), ㄹ/을 is not added.

For now we haven’t seen enough conjugation to cover all patterns.

However, based on what we already know we can see 2 cases when applying the 1st rule:

Case 1 - When adding ㅂ/습니다 for 놈임말 speech :

• 만들다만듭니다- to make
• 살다삽니다- to live
• 울다웁니다- to cry
• 멀다멉니다- to be far

Case 2 - When adding ㄴ/은 to an adjective to describe a noun:

• 길다긴 머리- long hair
• 멀다먼 도시- a far city

ㄷ Irregular

For ㄷ irregular verbs, the ㄷ changes to a ㄹ when it comes before a vowel in the conjugation.

• 듣다들어요- to listen
• 걷다걸어요- to walk
• 묻다물어요- to bury

Vocabulary

• 맵다
  to be spicy
• 귀엽다
  to be cute
• 춥다
  to be cold
• 눕다
  to lie down
• 돕다
  to help
• 덥다
  to be hot
• 짓다
  to build
• 낫다
  to get better
• 붓다
  to pour
• 배고프다
  to be hungry
• 슬프다
  to be sad
• 예쁘다
  to be pretty
• 바쁘다
  to be busy
• 모르다
  to not know
• 다르다
  to be different
• 누르다
  to press
• 배부르다
  to be full (eating)
• 만들다
  to make
• 울다
  to cry
• 멀다
  to be far
• 살다
  to live
• 길다
  to be long
• 듣다
  to listen
• 걷다
  to walk
• 묻다
  to bury